Agency & Ethics: What the NY Real Estate Exam Tests

Agency & Ethics is one of the most heavily tested areas on the NY exam. You need to know who an agent represents, what duties they owe, and when disclosure is required.

Expect 6-8 questions on agency. Fiduciary duties and dual agency rules appear on nearly every exam.

Fiduciary Duties (OLDCAR)

An agent owes six fiduciary duties to their client: Obedience, Loyalty, Disclosure, Confidentiality, Accountability, and Reasonable care. Loyalty means putting the client's interests first. Confidentiality continues even after the agency relationship ends.

Types of Agency

A seller's agent represents the seller. A buyer's agent represents the buyer. A dual agent represents both parties in the same transaction, which requires written informed consent from both sides. In NY, a transaction broker facilitates the deal without representing either party.

Agency Disclosure (RPL §443)

NY law requires agents to provide a disclosure form at the first substantive contact with a buyer or seller. The form explains the types of agency relationships available. Failing to provide it is a license violation.

Vicarious Liability

A broker is legally responsible for the actions of their salespersons. If a salesperson makes a misrepresentation, the broker can be held liable. This is why brokers must supervise their agents.

Sample Exam Questions

Fiduciary Duties

1. Which fiduciary duty requires the agent to put the principal's interests before all others, including the agent's own financial interests?

AObedience
Loyalty
CDisclosure
DReasonable Care

The duty of loyalty requires the agent to act in the client's best interest at all times, avoiding self-dealing and conflicts of interest.

Confidentiality

2. A seller privately tells their listing agent they will accept $450,000, though they are listed at $480,000. A buyer later asks the agent what the lowest price the seller will accept. The agent should:

ADisclose $450,000 to help facilitate a quick sale
BSay 'I don't know' to avoid the question
Tell the buyer they are not able to disclose that information
DSuggest the buyer simply offer $450,000

The seller's minimum acceptable price is protected confidential information. The agent's duty of confidentiality prohibits disclosure to the buyer. The agent must decline without lying.

Agency Disclosure

3. When must a NY licensee provide the Agency Disclosure Form to a prospective buyer?

AAt the time the listing is taken
BAt closing
At first substantive contact
DWhen making a formal written offer

NY RPL §443 requires the agency disclosure form at first substantive contact: the moment meaningful information about the buyer's needs or the property's price begins to be exchanged.

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Key Terms to Know

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