Real Estate Finance

Principal and Interest (P&I)

The two components of a standard mortgage payment — principal reduces the loan balance; interest is the cost of borrowing.


Definition

Each mortgage payment consists of principal (the portion that reduces the outstanding loan balance) and interest (the charge for using the lender's money). In a fully amortized loan, the total monthly payment stays the same, but the ratio shifts over time: early payments are mostly interest, while later payments are mostly principal. Some loan programs require interest-only payments for an initial period, meaning the principal balance does not decrease during that time.

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